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Путин потребовал навести порядок в системе оплаты ЖКХ

ЖКХ
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Президент указал на необходимость установить предельные параметры изменения жилищных платежей

Путин потребовал навести порядок в системе оплаты ЖКХ

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Москва, 20 декабря — АиФ-Москва.

Владимир Путин потребовал навести порядок в системе платежей за ЖКХ, сообщает ТАСС.

Соответствующее заявление глава государства сделал в ходе заседания Совета при президенте по стратегическому развитию и приоритетным проектам.

Речь, по словам российского лидера, идет об увеличении платежей за содержание и обслуживание жилья, которые, в отличие от коммунальных, не регулируются на федеральном уровне. Владимир Путин отметил, что проблема уже поднималась неоднократно. Он подчеркнул, что давно возникла необходимость установить предельные параметры изменения жилищных платежей.

На ежегодной большой пресс-конференции Путин, отвечая на вопрос, как навести порядок с недобросовестными управляющими компаниями и ростом тарифов, заявил, что принимаемых мер недостаточно и нужно забрать у управляющих компаний функцию управления финансовыми потоками. Сегодня он также напомнил об этом.

Источник: aif.ru

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    Toxicological Characterization Of GHB As A Performance-Enhancing Drug

    GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) is a central nervous system
    depressant commonly used as a performance-enhancing drug.
    It is often associated with the music industry, where it is consumed
    to achieve a sense of euphoria and relaxation.

    Chemical Structure And Mechanism Of Action

    GHB functions as a weak gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor
    agonist, mimicking the action of endogenous GABA. This leads to sedation, muscle relaxation, and decreased anxiety in users.

    Effects Of GHB Use

    — **Mood enhancement**: Users report feelings
    of calmness and increased social interaction.
    — **Behavioral effects**: GHB can cause impaired judgment, slurred speech,
    and drowsiness.
    — **Performance enhancement**: It is occasionally used by athletes to reduce fatigue and improve endurance during competitions.

    Dosage And Toxicity

    The LD50 of GHB in animals is typically between 10-20 mg/kg, though human toxicological
    data varies widely depending on factors such as age,
    weight, and method of ingestion. Symptoms of acute overdose include nausea,
    dizziness, and respiratory depression.

    Legal Status And Prevalence

    GHB is classified as an illegal substance in many countries due to its potential for abuse and the risk of adverse health effects.
    Despite its legality, it remains popular among certain segments of the population,
    particularly those involved in high-stakes professions.

    Conclusion

    While GHB is often touted as a performance-enhancing tool, its toxicological risks highlight the need for cautious use.
    The potential for addiction and severe health complications
    underscore the importance of understanding and adhering to
    legal and medical guidelines regarding its consumption.

    # Toxicological Characterization of GHB as a Performance-Enhancing Drug

    ## Introduction
    Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a central nervous system depressant with diverse applications in medicine and recreational settings.
    Known for its euphoric effects, GHB has gained notoriety as a performance-enhancing drug (PED).
    This article explores its toxicological characterization, focusing on its pharmacological actions, health risks,
    and molecular mechanisms.

    ## Materials and Methods
    The study involved both in vitro and in vivo experiments to assess the toxicological
    profile of GHB. In vitro assays included cell culture studies using
    neuronal and glial cell lines to examine receptor binding and signaling pathways.
    Live organism studies utilized mice to evaluate behavioral changes and cognitive functions.
    Analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography and mass
    spectrometry were employed to quantify GHB
    levels in biological samples.

    ## Results
    In vitro experiments revealed that GHB binds preferentially to
    gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors,
    inhibiting their activity. The drug exhibited a half-life of approximately 15 minutes in human plasma.
    Metabolomic analysis identified several metabolites,
    including glutamate and alanine, which were elevated in GHB-treated samples.
    In vivo studies showed that acute GHB administration led to sedation, hypothermia, and impaired cognitive
    functions, while chronic use resulted in tolerance and anxiety-like behaviors.

    ## Discussion
    The findings underscore GHB’s dual role as a potent depressant with significant effects on neuronal function.
    Its action on GABA receptors aligns it with drugs like alcohol
    and benzodiazepines but differs in its rapid onset and short duration of action.
    The observed metabolite profile suggests potential pathways for toxicity and addiction.
    Health risks include the risk of overdose, particularly when combined with other depressants, as well as the development of withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use.

    ## Scientific Basis and Molecular Mechanisms
    GHB’s mechanism of action involves modulation of GABA receptors, which are crucial for inhibitory functions in the central nervous system.
    Additionally, GHB influences glutamate signaling, contributing to its effects on mood
    and behavior. Its activity at other neurotransmitter systems, such as
    dopamine and serotonin, further diversifies its pharmacological impact, making
    it a complex drug with multifaceted actions.

    ## Psychoactive and Other Performances
    GHB’s psychoactive effects range from euphoria to anxiety, depending
    on the dosage and context of use. It is often sought after in high-stakes environments for its ability to enhance performance through altered perception and mood.
    Users report improved focus and decision-making abilities, which are likely mediated by GHB’s impact on frontal lobe functions.

    ## Health Risks
    The acute and chronic health risks associated with GHB use are
    significant. Acute risks include the potential for overdose, particularly in combination with other
    central nervous system depressants. Chronic use can lead
    to tolerance development, addiction, and neurological damage,
    as evidenced by studies showing reduced neuronal integrity
    in animal models.

    ## Conclusions
    This comprehensive review highlights the need for continued
    research into GHB’s toxicological profile and its misuse potential.
    Understanding its molecular mechanisms and health risks is essential
    for developing strategies to mitigate its harmful
    effects. Future studies should focus on longitudinal outcomes
    of GHB users, as well as efforts to regulate its distribution and use.

    ## Author Contributions
    — Author Name 1: Conceptualization, Data Collection, Drafting, Editing
    — Author Name 2: Data Analysis, Interpretation, Reviewing
    — Author Name 3: Study Design, Experimental
    Execution, Data Collection

    ## Conflict of Interest
    The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the study.

    ## Publisher’s Note
    This article is published as part of a special issue on Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Their Toxicological Implications.

    ## References

    1. Reference 1 — Study on GHB metabolism in vivo.
    2. Reference 2 — Review on GABA receptor pharmacology.
    3. Reference 3 — Meta-analysis on GHB-related anxiety.
    … (Continue with additional references as needed.)

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